In the world of music, licensing plays a crucial role in ensuring that artists, composers and copyright owners receive fair compensation for their creative works. If you're involved in music production or distribution in South Africa, understanding the different types of music licenses is essential. This comprehensive guide will provide you with valuable insights into music licenses in the South African context.

Composition and Recording: Understanding the Basics

• Composition: A composition refers to the music notes and lyrics that define a song. The rights to the composition are typically owned by the composer or their publisher. To use a composition, permission is obtained through a mechanical license (for audio-only use) or synchronization license (for video use).

• Recording: A recording is a performance of the composition captured in a recorded format. The rights to the recording are usually owned by the artist or their record label. To use a recording, permission is obtained through a master license.

Mechanical License: Audio-Only Usage

A mechanical license grants permission to release a song in audio-only formats such as interactive audio streams, digital downloads, CDs or vinyl. It is an agreement between the owner of the copyrighted composition and the artist seeking to use the composition. Regardless of the portion of the song used, a mechanical license is required.

Master License: Permission for Using Recordings

A master license is an agreement between the owner of a copyrighted sound recording and someone wishing to use that recording. It grants permission to use the original recording. If you use an existing recording made by someone else, even a small portion, you need a master license.

Synchronization License: Visual Products

For visual products like videos, advertisements, or slideshows, a synchronization license is required instead of a mechanical license. It grants permission to use a recording of a song in a video format, even if it's just a small portion of the song.

Print License: Sheet Music and Lyrics

A print license is necessary when you want to rearrange, print or display the music notes or lyrics of a song written by someone else, even if it's just a small portion. It is an agreement granting permission to use and display the sheet music.

Public Performance License: Playing Songs in Public

A public performance license grants permission to play a song in public, whether it's through live performances, online streaming, or radio broadcasts. It is an agreement between the owner of the copyrighted composition and the person or entity wishing to use the song publicly.

Theatrical License or Grand Rights: Dramatic Performances

A theatrical license allows the use of music in dramatic performances such as plays, musicals, dances, operas, narrations or other theatrical productions. It grants permission to use the music within the context of a performance.

Seeking Legal Assistance

Navigating the complexities of music licensing can be challenging. Consulting an experienced entertainment attorney can provide valuable guidance and ensure compliance with South African laws and regulations. They can assist with drafting, reviewing, and negotiating licensing agreements tailored to your specific needs.

Stay Informed and Compliant

As the music industry evolves, it's essential to stay updated on changes in licensing requirements and regulations. Stay informed about any industry guidelines, licensing fees, and legal developments that may impact your music licensing activities.

Conclusion

Understanding music licenses is crucial for artists, composers, and anyone involved in music production or distribution in South Africa. By familiarizing yourself with the different types of licenses and seeking legal guidance when needed, you can protect your rights, ensure fair compensation, and navigate the intricate landscape of music licensing.

Barter McKellar’s entertainment attorneys have extensive experience in assisting musicians and artists with all types of entertainment law issues. If you would like to find out more, contact us.